Solar Module

The main benefit of solar compared to using coal or other polluting sources is the reduced Green House Gas emissions, less effect on the local water bodies, less affect on the coal mining etc. Extracting energy from sunlight reduces several such harmful effects which are otherwise involved when we produce energy from fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas. Many of these fossil fuels are exhaustible sources of energy and also their use leads to air pollution and increased global warming.

Even for the same wattage (Wp), TOPCon-based solar panels can perform better (or proudce more solar power). This is due to the better efficient solar cells used and lower degradation levels. On an average it is said that TOPCon-based modules can produce 5% extra generation than mono-perc based solar modules.

Solar cell manufacturing is inherently more complex than solar module production, which is largely an assembly-based process. The production of solar cells requires significantly higher capital investment at the outset. In India, the establishment of solar cell production facilities also involves navigating additional regulatory hurdles. This is due to the water usage during production and the disposal of effluents. Furthermore, the handling of ingots and wafers involves working with hazardous materials. As a result, apart from the capital requirements, solar cell manufacturing and related backward integration must comply with stricter environmental, pollution control, safety, and waste management regulations at the state level.