Extreme heat has a mixed impact on solar power generation. While solar panels require sunlight to produce electricity, excessively high temperatures actually reduce their efficiency. Most photovoltaic (PV) modules perform optimally at around 25°C, and for every degree above this level, power output typically declines by 0.3% to 0.5% depending on the technology used. During intense summer conditions, panel surfaces can heat up beyond 60–70°C, leading to voltage losses and reduced generation efficiency. Heatwaves can also stress inverters, transformers and grid infrastructure, while increasing dust accumulation and water requirements for panel cleaning. However, despite lower efficiency per panel, overall solar generation may still remain high during summer because of longer daylight hours and stronger solar irradiance.