Solar cell manufacturing is inherently more complex than solar module production, which is largely an assembly-based process. The production of solar cells requires significantly higher capital investment at the outset. In India, the establishment of solar cell production facilities also involves navigating additional regulatory hurdles. This is due to the water usage during production and the disposal of effluents. Furthermore, the handling of ingots and wafers involves working with hazardous materials. As a result, apart from the capital requirements, solar cell manufacturing and related backward integration must comply with stricter environmental, pollution control, safety, and waste management regulations at the state level.

If you are a resident of UP, your bill will show total surplus solar energy exported to the grid, total power taken from the grid and balance surplus solar power from previous month (if any). In UP, the calculations of net energy charges are done based on the solar power an grid power usage. However, even if your surplus solar power is more than your consumed grid power and the energy charges are in negative, you have to pay for your fixd monthy electricity meter charges and electricity duty.